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Nature Of Jihad Of Sahaba After Prophet Muhammad (SWS)
I would like to ask about the counternarrative of the political interpretation of Islam propounded by Ghamidi sahab. The thing that is most unique in his discourse is the attribution of the military expeditions of the sahaba after the death of the prophet to the God-ordained ‘dainunat e sughra’ (lesser Judgement) at the hands of the sahaba against the kuffar (Roman Empire, Khorasan) etc. This is an active denial of the popular opinion of the mainstream political Islamists like Maulana Maududi and Dr.Israr Ahmed who put forth the idea that the incessant attacks of the sahaba against the kuffar after the death of Prophet constituted mandatory for the purpose of ‘iqamat e deen’. These scholars refute Ghamidi sahab’s claim by stating that dainunat e sughra should’ve have been instituted at the time of the Prophet rather than after his death. They also state that if ‘dainunat e sughra’ was intended by the sahaba, then Khorasan should’ve not been attacked since letters of the Prophet constituting ‘itmam e hujjat’ to foreign kingdoms did not go to Khorasan.
Kindly provide Quranic reference in support of Mr.Ghamidi’s conclusions in this regards and just generally explain the current academic status in this regards on this particular topic and it’s different usages in different interpretations.
Also, kindly mention the reference wherein this terminology ‘dainunat e sughra’ was used first as I have heard Ghamidi sahab use it a lot.
Thank you for your kind attention.
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6 Replies
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Nature Of Jihad Of Sahaba After Prophet Muhammad (SWS)
updated 1 month, 2 weeks ago
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Following book by Muhammad Ammar Khan Nasir addresses the points raised by you in an academic way. Chapters Six and Seven are most relevant to your questions, but for academic discourse, previous chapters provide the much needed context:
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Further study material on Itmam-e-Hujjah and its applications:
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Would you be kind enough to explicate in the English language?
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Following is the summary of the military policy of the Khulfa-e-Rashideen in the light of the historical evidence:
– Their aim in jihad and combat was not the unlimited expansion of the Islamic Empire, but rather, their main targets were only the Roman and Persian empires.
– Even with permission to fight against the Roman and Persian empires, they did not intend to capture all their territories; their primary focus was on the regions of Syria and Iraq, and they did not wish to advance beyond them.
– The decision to halt the war after conquering these areas was not based on temporary circumstances; rather, they wanted a barrier to prevent enemy forces from reaching the Muslims and vice versa. The decision to stop fighting was not due to numerical inferiority, weakness, or fear of defeat, as Muslims had clear promises of victory and had conquered all Persian territories when needed with the same military capability.
– They resumed fighting only when they were certain that without it, continuous provocations and hostilities from the enemy could not be ended.
– They took action against other nations outside the influence of Rome and Persia only if they aided the enemy against the Muslims or engaged in battle on their behalf.
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I am sorry to say, perhaps my questions have not been clear enough. I will try to formulate them:
1. What is the academic justification or reference for the theory of dainunat e sughra being the basis of wars waged by the sahaba e karaam against the Persianate and Roman Empires?
2. Why couldn’t the sahaba invade these territores after fath e Mecca for 2 years while the Prophet was alive?
3. What is the reason that modern Islamists like I mentioned above attribute these territorial acquisitions to jihad and the duty to establish a socio-political-economic global order of Islam rather than the ‘lesser Judgement’ Ghamidi sahab advocates?
4. What does Qur’an have to say on dainunat e sughra, especially in Surah Ba’arat?
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These and related questions are discussed in depth in the video series Itmam-e-Hujjah. The link to the series is provided below.
In brief:
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The Prophet (PBUH) instructed his companions to engage with neighboring territories.
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While the Prophet and his companions focused on consolidating power within Arabia, in his final moments, he commissioned an army under Usama bin Zaid to confront the Byzantines. After the Prophet’s passing, the first action taken by Abu Bakr was to dispatch Usama’s army.
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Surah al-Bara’ah exemplifies Denunat-e-Sughra, a concept repeatedly cautioned against throughout the Quran.
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvDnnnkYLWQeKq8ny1IDf2bgZRTihI28a&si=44rprxna72Qtl30H
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Very obliged
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