1)All of the things you mentioned above are “processes”.

To reach a functionally coherent outcome, a process is employed.

It doesn’t deny the designer. For example the iPhone is being made in the assembly line. We are well aware of each and every step how it ultimately makes the iPhone. Does it mean Steve jobs is not the “designer” of the iPhone?

Similarly, many a times Allah mentions various natural phenomena and commands us to think about them.

Processes are defined and confined to achieve an objective. The source of definition of any process to reach a functional outcome in all known instances of human knowledge and experience is an entity with a mind.

Likewise, evolution is also a process which explains the diversity and homology among species, just like any other natural process for example, the alternation of day and night, reproduction process of living beings, growth of plants etc.

2)It is a general law that creator cannot be part of creation and creator cannot be like creator. For example a painter makes painting but is not part of it and not like it , an author writes a book but is not like the book and is not part of the book , Steve jobs is not like iPhone and not part of it as well.

So , all the things humans make are “artificial” and humans themselves are “natural”. So the one responsible for creating nature logically cannot be like “nature”. He is beyond and above it.

3)Free will has to do with intention , will and action. All these are faculties of “self”. These are not mechanistic or material. Our material body prepares us to make that action happen via mechanistic/neurological pathways. But it is “We” who “do” that . We who think that. We who choose. Just like a computer has hardware and software, both are different in nature fundamentally but both work in correlation. Similarly, we have our “body” and “self” both work in harmony.

4)This universe is not only present but sustained as well. It works on “laws” which we discover in science. That is what makes science predictable and doable. Those laws don’t change. If there were more than one lawgiver, we would expect frequent changes in laws or chaos all together. That is why there is only one God.

Secondly, it is a logical contradiction to assert that there could be multiple Gods. because by definition, God is all powerful and all Wise, so there cannot be more than one “absolute”

please read where I mentioned in all known instances of knowledge and experience the only known source of definition and laws is an entity.

A law means “how must it work”. So there is a decision to be made. And decisions are made by entities.

Kindly if you could explain how?

If I understand you correctly, you are saying that universe is it’s own designer. Am I right?

This violates the principle of causality. To create itself, it has to be present before being created which is paradoxical and absurd.

Nothing can create itself.

Yes, creation is necessary for existence of contingent and created things.

First of all, it is a presuppositions that we existed in previous universe, and the previous universe was like this one.

Secondly, if it is the way you are saying “cosmological evolution” it is still a process. Where after certain time , God reshapes the cosmos the way He Wills. Just like we can mould plastic and iron into various shapes and then remould them into new shapes.

Cosmos undergoes modifications, but it requires a modifier.

That is exactly what is mentioned in the Quran , where God says I will return this creation and reform it into new heavens and earth the way I did before.

Cosmos is essentially space , time , matter and energy. None of which has a mind , knowledge, intentional and creative power. It acts in harmony as a system.

If it’s uncreated, can it be matter?

Secondly, all the matter exists in forms and shapes in planets and stars living and non-living.

What makes it into shapes and forms =processes.

What is the original outcome of those processes= everything.

Big bang led to universe. Solar nebula theory shows making and breaking of planets . Evolution explains the diversity of species.

But the fundamental questions stand still?

Processes are defined and confined. The only known source of this is an entity who has mind , knowledge, purpose, intention , planning and intervention. That is why God

Where and how did matter originate? No known mechanistic explanation.

What makes matter living? How a matter becomes living? No known mechanistic explanation

What is the origin and mechanism of consciousness? No known mechanism.

Matter itself doesn’t know what to do or what not to do. It is a raw material which is molded in various shapes and hierarchy from microscopic to macroscopic level , integrated and in harmony.

The only known source of such outcomes is intentionality, mind hence God.

There are two categories of truths: necessary and contingent.

Necessary truths don’t require explanation for example numbers 1,2,3 /colour red etc. These are necessary truths.

Contingent truths require explanation in terms of their origin and working. Like everything we see I myself, you and the whole universe is contingent. Therefore, it’s explanation is sought.

God is a necessary truth in existence so by definition, He doesn’t require explanation in terms of origin and working.

You said “Who created God?”. It implies that you think God is “created”. What is the source of this information? Have we seen Him? No. Have we detected Him? No. Have we realised that there is a God? Yes. How? By looking into ourselves and everything in the universe. What is the nature of God? We don’t know? Does it nullify it’s existence? No. Then how can we deny the existence of God.

Secondly, we cannot have an infinite chain of causes i.e. infinite regress, otherwise nothing would exist. So logically the source of all contingent existences is a necessary existence who Himself is uncaused.

1)We know matter is created because it exists in forms and shapes and each form or shape serves a purpose. It is not just a large cosmological heap or pile existing in isolation.

Secondly, at the point of singularity in big bang, there was no matter , space , time at all so matter can into existence it wasn’t present for infinity.

2) Infinity does not exist in physical terms. Every physical entity is finite. This universe contains an estimated 2 trillion galaxies which is a finite number. There are estimated total 10 raised to the power of 80 atoms in the whole universe still a finite number. Matter is anything which has mass and occupies space so it is finite by definition as well.

E=mc² is a mathematical equation. Math exists in “mind” since mathematics is an abstract reality.

To convert energy into matter, “intervention” is required. Energy itself cannot express it’s conscience to shape itself into various forms of matter.

Which means God intervened to make that transition possible.

And secondly it’s wrong that matter came into existence in line with this equation because this equation breaks down at the point of singularity of big bang. So essentially we have no known mechanistic explanation of origin of matter

What is spontaneous and non-spontaneous? Spontaneity cannot originate something, because you have to set the “conditions” right to achieve the outcome. Spontaneity works “within” system. For example, combustion is a spontaneous process but it requires “intervention”/ignition to get started. Once it is started it works until the fuel runs out.

The initial condition of entropy of Universe is highly precise. It is 10 raised to the power of 10 raised to the power of 123 (double exponent; search Penrose entropy constant on internet).

If it was slightly more or less, this universe won’t be existing. So , conditioning requires mind , intention, and intervention. Hence it was non -spontaneous , conscious act, which points to God.

I have answered regarding matter. Please refer to previous responses

Read it carefully “process” was spontaneous, but the “origin” the “cause” required ? The explanation of conditions to be set just right to get the process started.

First of all, multiverse is a hypothesis not a theory. It is neither empirically verifiable nor falsifiable so it is essentially, not a theory per se.

Secondly, multiverse if taken to be true, then what conclusion it confers must also be taken to be true:

The most popular multiverse hypothesis prediction comes from string theory, which predicts about 10 raised to the power of 500 universes.

We know that no universe can exist without laws, conditions and integration. So essentially, it amplifies the fine tuning argument.

Secondly, if at random chance we calculate all the possibilities of combinations, in all possible planets in all those 10 raised to the power of 500 universes, it still lags behind astronomically from the Penrose entropy constant alone (let alone combining all the constants we know of).

Hence, it logically follows that random chance cannot lead to functional outcomes and habitable planet and origin of life.

Also, chance occurs on something previously existing on which chance has to act, so essentially chance is a non-explanation because the real issue is “existence” which chance doesn’t resolve.

Water will not flow from high to low in space. Hence, there is a cause i.e. gravity. And I think water flowing is not a process per se.

Process means to reach from point A to B you have to cover a series of steps like raw material converted into product.

Thank you so much to you too.