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Quran 2:222, 4:43 & 5:6 – Menstruation (Hayd) And Junub In The Quran
I have some questions regarding the Qur’an’s guidance on menstruation (hayd) and major ritual impurity (junub), and how these matters are understood in Islamic law:
1. Menstruation (Hayd) in the Qur’an
In Surah Al-Baqarah 2:222, the Qur’an mentions menstruation, describing it as a time of discomfort and instructing men to avoid sexual relations with women until they are purified.
Question: Does this verse prohibit only sexual relations, or does it also extend to prayer and fasting during menstruation?
2. Junub (Major Ritual Impurity)
In Surah An-Nisa 4:43 and Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:6, the Qur’an uses the term junub, stating that a person in this state should not approach prayer until performing ghusl (ritual bath).Question: Does the Qur’an treat junub and hayd as two distinct categories with different rulings? If so, what is the reason for these distinctions?
3. Arabic Terminology and Implications
The word junub (جُنُب) comes from the root j-n-b (to be distant/away) and refers to impurity requiring ghusl.
The word maḥīḍ (المحيض) comes from the root ḥ-y-ḍ (to flow/menstruate), and the Qur’an describes it as adha (harm/discomfort).
Question: Does this difference in terminology indicate that the Qur’an does not equate menstruation with junub in relation to prayer and worship? -
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Quran 2:222, 4:43 & 5:6 – Menstruation (Hayd) And Junub In The Quran
updated 3 days, 12 hours ago
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Taking of ceremonial bath after the menstrual cycle and the puerperal discharge for Salah and intimacy, and Ceremonial bath after Janabah for Salah are both part of Sunnah instituted by the Prophet (SWS) as part of Islamic Customs and Etiquette. Quran sometimes mentions these Sunnah as well, sometimes to emphasize on a certain point, sometimes to address any related jurisprudential matter surrounding a Sunnah and sometimes to clarify a misunderstanding.
Quranic verses mentioned in the question are referring to one or the other aspect of the impurity, not as an initiator of the practice but as a reference to an already established Sunnah to clarify some misunderstanding surrounding these matters. Primary misunderstanding that Quran 2:222 intends to clear is that menstruation does not render a female impure as a person, rather the only limitation religion imposes is that of sexual intimacy between the couple and the mention of when is this limitation lifted i.e. after blood stops and Ghusl is attained. Quran 4:43 & Quran 5:6 are primarily mentioning the relaxation of Masah, as a premise the whole ritual of Wudu is mentioned in Quran 5:6. Junub or state of Janabah is a well established word which means the state of impurity that one enters after copulation or after ejaculation whether or not copulation has taken place.
Following videos will help further understand this point from an epistemological standpoint.
Please refer to the video below from 44:30 to 51:54
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Please also refer to the video below from 32:43 to 44:54
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