if prophet has done (if he has) some ijithad or decided some court case (if he has) does ALLAH order us to obey prophet decision and his ijtihad and etiquette like drinking water while sitting what is status of such etiquette (if i had rightly quoted ) (if prophet told other than this etiquette to shahba) are they are also DIVINE and do we Muslim have to follow them as divine directive?
As far as following every directive of prophet Muhammad (SWS) is concerned, yes it is obligatory upon Muslims to follow that, whether it is of a worldly nature or of a religious nature (See: Quran 49:1-5, Quran 33:36, Quran 4:65, Quran 24:63). If Prophet Muhammad (sws) had directed Muslims to do a certain thing or refrain from a certain thing at that time, then it is obligatory upon us, even today to follow that directive. There are two points that need to be addressed in this context:
1) the authentcity of the directive: If it reaches to us through Quran and Sunnah, then there is no issue of credibility because of ijma and tawatur. If however it reaches to us through akhbar-i-ahad, then first we have to establish its credibility and after establishing it, if we are satisfied, then it definitely becomes obligatory upon us to follow that directive.
2) The nature of report: Whether the narration reported is a verdict of Prophet (SWS), His ijtihad etc.or a mere advice, personal liking disliking on a certain matter etc. This disctinction is necessary because if it is from the former category, then it is obligatory but if it is from the latter category, then it does not become obligatory. The drinking of water while sitting falls in the second category and other narrations which indicate allowance for drinking water while standing themselves point to this fact that it was not a directive of Prophet Muhammad (sws). (See: Discussion 77515).
عُمَرَ بن أبي سَلَمَةَ يقول كنت غُلَامًا في حَجْرِ رسول اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَكَانَتْ يَدِي تَطِيشُ في الصَّحْفَةِ فقال لي رسول اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يا غُلَامُ سَمِّ اللَّهَ وَكُلْ بِيَمِينِكَ وَكُلْ مِمَّا يَلِيكَ فما زَالَتْ تِلْكَ طِعْمَتِي بَعْدُ
‘Umar ibn Abi Salamah (rta) says: “I was an infant and was being brought up under [the supervision] of God’s Messenger (sws) when while eating my hand would circulate all over the plate. When God’s Messenger (sws) [saw this,] he remarked: ‘Young Man! Eat after taking God’s name with the right hand from the part of the plate near you.’ Consequently, after this I would eat in this manner.”[1]
Eating from the part of the plate near us is an etiquette of eating, not a directive on how every Muslim must eat. However, taking Allah’s name and eating with the right hand was instituted by the Prophet Muhammad (SWS) as part of Sunnah separately and every Muslim should follow it. This narration included both religion and general etiquette of eating.
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