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معراج میں نماز کی فرضیت
کہاجاتا ہے کہ معراج کے موقع پر پانچ وقت کی نماز فرض ہوئی۔ جبکہ استاد محترم جاوید غامدی صاحب فرماتے ہیں کہ پانچ نمازیں پہلے سے فرض تھیں پچھلی امتوں پر۔ تو دونوں میں کیا بات درست ہے ؟؟
رسول اکرمﷺ کی نبوت کے آغاز کے وقت جو لوگ ایمان لاتے تھے وہ کتنے وقت کی نمازیں ادا کرتے تھے ؟؟ کیا نبوت کے پہلے دن سے پانچ نمازیں فرض تھیں ؟؟
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معراج میں نماز کی فرضیت
updated 4 months, 2 weeks ago
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There has never been a real consensus on 5-prayer doctrine, in Islam and before Islam. It is well documented that many Muslims since the earliest phase of Islam till today did not and have not subscribed to this doctrine. The school of thought lead by Shafii which started to prosper one century after him outcasted all such opinions that they did not agree with, and excluded them from Ijma. Imam Shafii was the one who introduced and canonized Sunnah as part of Islam. Before him, Muslims generally followed Quran and sought evidence for their beliefs and practices from Quran.
Questioning the veracity of the 5-prayer doctrine is usually a no-go area for majority of the muslims. Their brain cells don’t allow questioning the traditions and thinking beyond what their respective scholars feed them, and also because any weakness in this narrative would expose the cracks that would shake the entire edifice of the traditional version of Islam, which is based on conjecture and hearsay.
Quran being a fully detailed Scripture mentions the names of only two prayers, Salat ul Fajr and Salat ul Isha (24:58), and also mentions the timings of Fajr and Isha only: 11:114 (You shall hold the contact prayer at both ends of the day, that is, section of the night), and also in 17:78 (You shall hold the contact prayer at the setting of the sun, until the darkness of the night; and the Quran at dawn). Therefore, the Deen delivered by God Almighty through Prophet Muhammad commands two times of compulsory prayers every day.
رسول اکرمﷺ کی نبوت کے آغاز کے وقت جو لوگ ایمان لاتے تھے وہ کتنے وقت کی نمازیں ادا کرتے تھے ؟؟ کیا نبوت کے پہلے دن سے پانچ نمازیں فرض تھیں ؟؟
Getting any fruitful information on this would require an independent and critical study, partly because it is a convoluted topic being wrapped under several layers of corrupting influences and later additions in the early years of Islam (during Umayyads and Abbasids). Regarding the historicity of number of prayers in early Islam, here are some useful resources to explore for a start :
“MORNING AND EVENING PRAYERS IN EARLY ISLAM”, By Uri Rubin, Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 10, Jerusalem 1987.
http://www.islam-and-muslims.com/MORNING-EVENING-PRAYERS-EARLY-ISLAM.docx
“Western scholars have already noticed that according to Muslim sources, before the five daily prayers became part of the “pillars” of Islam, the Muslims used to pray only twice a day. Goldziher states that “before the duty of prayer was extended to five times a day, the Muslims are said to have observed only two canonical times of prayer: morning and afternoon … “. Other scholars, like Mittwoch, for instance, who studied the evidence of Muslim sources, maintained that the first two prayers which the Muslims reportedly used to pray daily were ṣalāt al-fajr (before sunrise), and ṣalāt al-‘ishā’ (after sunset).“
“The Politics of the Two Qiblahs and the Emergence of an Alternative Islamic Monotheism”, By Eltigani Abdelgadir Hamid, The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:1
https://www.ajis.org/index.php/ajiss/article/view/231
“At the very initial stage they (prayers) were confined to the Dawn and Evening prayers, as well as to the solitary night prayers accompanied by a prolonged recitation of the Qur’an. (Ibn al-Jazri, Usd al-Ghābah, 1:30. See also Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Fatḥ al-Bārī, 2:5-6, 9-11.”
“The Azāriqa in Islamic Heresiography”, By Keith Lewinstein, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1991, Vol. 54, No. 2 (1991), pp. 251-268
The author describes the stance of some early groups of Muslims (Azariqa, Khazimiyya and the Bid’iyya) who used to pray two times, morning and evening, in accordance with Quran. [Requiring only two daily prayers (as specified in Q. 11:114)].
“Debates on the Authority of Hadith in Early Islamic Intellectual History: Identifying al-Shāfiʿī’s Opponents in Jimāʿ al-ʿIlm”, By Hüseyin Hansu, Istanbul University
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0515
“Ibn al-Murtaḍā (d. 840/1437) explained that the view that the prayer should only be performed twice a day, in the morning and the evening, was adopted by the Bidʿiyya.”
Comparison with Judaism:
“Prayer in Josephus”, Chapter 2, By Tessel Marina Jonquiere, BRILL, 2007.
https://brill.com/display/title/12829?language=en
The jewish historian of the first century AD, Josephus argues that there are two prayers in Judaism:
“Twice each day, at its beginning and when the time comes to turn to sleep, people must bear witness to God for the gifts he gave when he delivered them from the land of the Egyptians. For thanksgiving is proper by nature and it is given in return for what happened and as a spur for what will be.” (Josephus, AJ 4.176–194)”.
Josephus has written in “Antiquities of Jews” that daily prayers in Judaism are two: dawn and dusk. The 9th hour prayer (mid-day) was substituted for missing daily sacrifice after the destruction of temple. He writes:
“We can be reasonably sure that the practice of praying during the sacrifice (mid-day) was instituted later than the final redaction of the Torah, as it is not mentioned in it.”
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Brother Hassan Izhar, thanks for your detailed reply.
You have written somewhere in your post that Quran mentions two prayers Fajr (Dawn) and Isha(end of the day) while somewhere you wrote that Quran mentions Fajr(Dawn) and Asr(Evening) prayers and somewhere you have also mentioned Maghrib(Dusk).
Please tell me briefly that how many compulsory prayers the Quran mentions in the day and night, thank you.
I am more interested to know the views of respected Javed Ghamdi sb in the subject above.
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“…….then Jibril turned towards me and said: “O Muhammad! These are the times of the Prophets before you, and the (best) time is what is between these two times.”
https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:149 -
Thanks a lot brother Saad Aamir.
Please also clarify that at the time of the beginning of Prophethood in Makkah, when people accepted Islam, how many times in a day they used to pray? Somebody told two time Fajar and Asr. So please clarify, thanks
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Every prophet was taught to pray 5 times a day. There is no reason to think that Prophet PBUH was not praying according to how Hazrat Jibrael taught him according to the Hadith I linked since early times of his prophethood. Qur’an also does not alter the number of prayers which means whatever number and timing the Prophet PBUH and the Muslims followed was correct and did not need any alteration.
There is also a video though I can’t find it where Ghamidi Sahab was talking about the first revelation (the series I think) and Prophet PBUH activities in early Makkah where the first thing he and his relatives that accepted Islam did was establish the regular prayers. I don’t remember the details of number and timing but it could have been five times or maybe less if Allah did not wanted Prophet PBUH to publicize religion and reduce the time he would leave his people and uncle’s side to pray to avoid any suspicion. However I don’t think exact details were given in the tradition. Anyone who suggest it was only two times instead of five needs to provide evidence that we can analyze otherwise the default view (that all prophets prayed 5 fives times all the time including early Makkah) will be held as Ghamidi Sahab said in the video.
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“Every prophet was taught to pray 5 times a day. There is no reason to think that Prophet PBUH was not praying according to how Hazrat Jibrael taught him according to the Hadith I linked since early times of his prophethood.”
This is purely conjecture, and not a shred of evidence in Quran exists to support this. Those who abandon clear verses of Quran and instead rely on hadiths are promised a painful retribution by God in 45:6-8:
45:6 These are the verses of God We convey to you with truth. Then, in what HADITH, if not in God and His verses, will they believe?
45:7 Woe to every sinful fabricator.
45:8 The one who hears GOD’s verses recited to him, then insists arrogantly on his way, as if he never heard them. Promise him a painful retribution.,
“Anyone who suggest it was only two times instead of five needs to provide evidence that we can analyze otherwise the default view (that all prophets prayed 5 fives times all the time including early Makkah) will be held as Ghamidi Sahab said in the video.”
Quran makes a clear case of two Salats: Salat ul Fajr and Salat ul Isha. If anyone deviates from Quran and wants to add more Salats to it, the onus is on them to present a counter evidence coming directly from the Messenger of God through Quran, not from the practice of past generations, which is strictly condemned by Quran (2:170, 31:21), nor from the opinion of scholars which is also condemned by Quran (9:31). However, unfortunately there is no such evidence. The tradition of 5-Salat would only have been correct, if one of the following hypothetical positions held true:
1. Quran stipulates two Salat, and the remaining Salat are to be taken from the practice of previous generations. This means that Quran is incomplete and provides only partial information. This claim is rubbish and goes patently against the clear verses of Quran (6:38, 6:114, 6:115, 10:37, 12:111, 16:89, 41:3). Quran repeatedly informs the Believers that it is a complete Scripture, does not leave out anything, fully detailed, and explains everything in detail (تبينا لكل شىء , تفصيل كل شىء, الكتب مفصلا , كتب فصلنه على علم , تفصيل الكتب)
2. God Almighty provided details of 2-Salat in Quran, and forgot to mention the rest three. This is again incorrect because God Almighty, by definition is an omnipotent and omniscient God who never forgets (19:64, 20:52).
3. God did not issue instructions for 5-Salat. Prophet instituted them on his own. This can’t be true because Prophet never instituted any religious practice without God’s commandment (69:43-46)
42:21 Or do they have partners who decree for them a sharia which has not been authorized by God? If it were not for the word already given, they would have been judged immediately. Indeed, the transgressors will have a painful retribution.
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In Quranic vocabulary, the names are Salat ul Fajr and Salat ul Isha (24:58). Other names might be discussed in the literature but are not attested to by Quran.
While the timings of the two compulsory prayers, Fajr and Isha, are mentioned in 11:114:
=> Two ends of the day (طرفی النہار), i.e sunrise and sunset. But which part of the end? Before sunrise or after sunrise? And before sunset or after sunset? Since Quran is a Fully Detailed Scripture, it cannot leave it to our speculation to guess the exact time, so exact time is clarified, after this phrase by adding زلفا من اللیل which means, “nearer part of the night”, hence creating a window of time which is before sunrise and after sunset, when it is still the edges of the day but the edges are falling towards the night, not towards the day.
In Arabic grammar, the “و” appearing between طرفی النہار and زلفا من اللیل is known as عطف البیان, which is used for clarifying the phrase preceding “و” with more details.
The verse 17:78 repeats the same time of Isha in different words: at the setting of the sun (دلوک الشمس), until the darkness of the night. And Quran at Fajr, indicating that more time should be dedicated for recitation of Quran at Salat ul Fajr.
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