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22. Ijtihad (اجتہاد) – 23 Questions Series
Episode 1- Part 200
(Time stamps created with Notegpt andDeepseek)
00:00:05 – Introduction to the discussion on Ijtihad (Islamic juristic reasoning) in contemporary context.
00:00:32 – Definition of Ijtihad: Easing religious rigor through rational interpretation (Maslaha). Contrast with traditional scholarly views.
00:01:03 – Scope of Ijtihad: When is it permissible? Conditions and methodology. Reference to Makamat (book by Javed Ahmed Ghamidi).
00:01:49 – Origin of Ijtihad: Derived from Hadith of Mu‘adh ibn Jabal (Musnad Ahmad 21502) – Quran → Sunnah → Reasoned effort (Ijtihad).
00:04:13 – Quran and Sunnah as primary sources; Ijtihad applies only where they are silent.
00:08:08 – Ijtihad vs. Tadabbur (reflection): Distinction between interpreting texts (Tafsir) and deriving new rulings (Ijtihad).
00:11:43 – Historical examples: Early caliphs’ rulings (e.g., Umar ibn al-Khattab) were contextual applications, not alterations of divine law.
00:16:11 – Quranic basis for Shura (consultation) in governance (Quran 42:38). Ijtihad in developing modern systems (e.g., democracy).
00:19:45 – Role of reason (‘Aql) in distinguishing Halal/Haram where texts are implicit.
00:22:18 – Clarification: Ijtihad ≠ reinterpreting clear texts; it addresses gaps, not contradictions.
00:27:08 – Example: Farahi’s division of the Quran into 7 thematic pairs (Mathani) as Ijtihadi categorization.
00:28:14 – Prophetic precedent: Even the Prophet (PBUH) engaged in Ijtihad (e.g., Battle of Badr tactics). -
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22. Ijtihad (اجتہاد) – 23 Questions Series
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Episode 2- Part 201
(Time stamps created with Notegpt andDeepseek)
00:00:05 – Introduction to Ijtihad (Islamic juristic reasoning) and its necessity in contemporary issues.
00:00:38 – Ijtihad defined: Addressing gaps where Quran and Sunnah are silent. Contrast with traditional closure (Inshaad al-Ijtihad) claims.
00:01:11 – Is Ijtihad still valid today? Yes—new issues (science, politics) demand fresh reasoning. Reference to Makamat (Ghamidi’s work).
00:02:40 – Ijtihad is perpetual like “air and water”—essential for adapting to cultural/scientific changes (e.g., democracy, medical ethics).
00:04:05 – Historical rebuttal: Ijtihad never ceased. Examples: Ibn Taymiyyah, Shah Waliullah, and modern scholars.
00:05:35 – Role of intellect (‘Aql) in Ijtihad: Allah delegates matters to human reason (Quranic principle: Amruhum shura baynahum, 42:38).
00:08:21 – Scope of Ijtihad: Limited to areas not explicitly covered by Quran/Sunnah. Example: Governance systems (Quran’s general principle → democratic Ijtihad).
00:09:48 – Ijtihad as a tool for civilizational progress; Muslim decline linked to abandoning reasoned inquiry.
00:12:17 – Practical necessity: Linking divine guidance (Hidayah) to modern contexts (e.g., Shura → parliamentary systems).
00:14:10 – Qualifications for Ijtihad:-
Traditional view: Mastery of 12+ Islamic sciences (e.g., Usul al-Fiqh).
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Ghamidi’s view: No rigid “gatekeeping”—reasoned debate (Daleel) matters more than titles.
00:17:58 – Rejection of blind Taqlid (imitation): Sahaba and Tabi’in relied on evidence, not personalities.
00:20:37 – Democratizing Ijtihad: Even non-Muslims’ wisdom (Hikmat) can be accepted if aligned with Quranic principles (Hadith: “Wisdom is the believer’s lost property”).
00:24:40 – Example: Democracy—a Quranic principle (Shura) operationalized by non-Muslims, now embraced by Muslims.
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