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22. Ijtihad (اجتہاد) – 23 Questions Series
Episode 1- Part 200
(Time stamps created with Notegpt andDeepseek)
00:00:05 – Introduction to the discussion on Ijtihad (Islamic juristic reasoning) in contemporary context.
00:00:32 – Definition of Ijtihad: Easing religious rigor through rational interpretation (Maslaha). Contrast with traditional scholarly views.
00:01:03 – Scope of Ijtihad: When is it permissible? Conditions and methodology. Reference to Makamat (book by Javed Ahmed Ghamidi).
00:01:49 – Origin of Ijtihad: Derived from Hadith of Mu‘adh ibn Jabal (Musnad Ahmad 21502) – Quran → Sunnah → Reasoned effort (Ijtihad).
00:04:13 – Quran and Sunnah as primary sources; Ijtihad applies only where they are silent.
00:08:08 – Ijtihad vs. Tadabbur (reflection): Distinction between interpreting texts (Tafsir) and deriving new rulings (Ijtihad).
00:11:43 – Historical examples: Early caliphs’ rulings (e.g., Umar ibn al-Khattab) were contextual applications, not alterations of divine law.
00:16:11 – Quranic basis for Shura (consultation) in governance (Quran 42:38). Ijtihad in developing modern systems (e.g., democracy).
00:19:45 – Role of reason (‘Aql) in distinguishing Halal/Haram where texts are implicit.
00:22:18 – Clarification: Ijtihad ≠ reinterpreting clear texts; it addresses gaps, not contradictions.
00:27:08 – Example: Farahi’s division of the Quran into 7 thematic pairs (Mathani) as Ijtihadi categorization.
00:28:14 – Prophetic precedent: Even the Prophet (PBUH) engaged in Ijtihad (e.g., Battle of Badr tactics). -
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22. Ijtihad (اجتہاد) – 23 Questions Series
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Episode 2- Part 201
(Time stamps created with Notegpt andDeepseek)
00:00:05 – Introduction to Ijtihad (Islamic juristic reasoning) and its necessity in contemporary issues.
00:00:38 – Ijtihad defined: Addressing gaps where Quran and Sunnah are silent. Contrast with traditional closure (Inshaad al-Ijtihad) claims.
00:01:11 – Is Ijtihad still valid today? Yes—new issues (science, politics) demand fresh reasoning. Reference to Makamat (Ghamidi’s work).
00:02:40 – Ijtihad is perpetual like “air and water”—essential for adapting to cultural/scientific changes (e.g., democracy, medical ethics).
00:04:05 – Historical rebuttal: Ijtihad never ceased. Examples: Ibn Taymiyyah, Shah Waliullah, and modern scholars.
00:05:35 – Role of intellect (‘Aql) in Ijtihad: Allah delegates matters to human reason (Quranic principle: Amruhum shura baynahum, 42:38).
00:08:21 – Scope of Ijtihad: Limited to areas not explicitly covered by Quran/Sunnah. Example: Governance systems (Quran’s general principle → democratic Ijtihad).
00:09:48 – Ijtihad as a tool for civilizational progress; Muslim decline linked to abandoning reasoned inquiry.
00:12:17 – Practical necessity: Linking divine guidance (Hidayah) to modern contexts (e.g., Shura → parliamentary systems).
00:14:10 – Qualifications for Ijtihad:-
Traditional view: Mastery of 12+ Islamic sciences (e.g., Usul al-Fiqh).
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Ghamidi’s view: No rigid “gatekeeping”—reasoned debate (Daleel) matters more than titles.
00:17:58 – Rejection of blind Taqlid (imitation): Sahaba and Tabi’in relied on evidence, not personalities.
00:20:37 – Democratizing Ijtihad: Even non-Muslims’ wisdom (Hikmat) can be accepted if aligned with Quranic principles (Hadith: “Wisdom is the believer’s lost property”).
00:24:40 – Example: Democracy—a Quranic principle (Shura) operationalized by non-Muslims, now embraced by Muslims.
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Episode 3- Part 202
(Time stamps created with Notegpt andDeepseek)
00:00:05 — Introduction to Ijtihad in Islam — Reference to Silasile Guftagu 23 (ongoing lecture series).
00:00:37 — The Role of Argumentation (Istidlal) in Ijtihad — General principle in Usul al-Fiqh.
00:01:11 — Principles of Islamic Thought (Usul-e-Fikr) — Reference to the book Makamat by the speaker.
00:02:03 — Quran & Sunnah as Primary Sources — Quran 4:59 (“Obey Allah and His Messenger”).
00:02:48 — Difference Between Understanding (Fahm) & Ijtihad — Classical Usul al-Fiqh distinction.
00:03:41 — Methodology of Quranic Interpretation — Reference to Meezan (book) on Usul-e-Mabadi.
00:04:28 — Categorizing Hadith & Sunnah — Hadith sciences (Mustalah al-Hadith).
00:05:13 — Principles of Understanding Hadith — Mabadi Tadabbur-e-Hadith (scholarly methodology).
00:06:00 — Hermeneutics in Islamic Law — Tafsir bi’l-Ra’y (rational interpretation).
00:07:17 — Shariah vs. Fiqh — Difference between divine law & human deduction.
00:08:32 — Rational Implications (Aqli Mujmalat) in Quran — Example: Extending rulings by analogy (Qiyas).
00:09:14 — Summary of Usul-e-Mabadi — Reference to Makamat (book) for concise principles.
00:10:41 — Ijtihad for Unclear Rulings — Quran 2:185 (“Allah intends ease for you”).
00:11:27 — Determining Qibla via Ijtihad — Historical example of Sahabah’s reasoning.
00:12:07 — Shura (Consultation) in Governance — Quran 42:38 (“Their affairs are by consultation”).
00:13:32 — Halal & Haram in Islamic Law — Quran 5:3 (“Prohibited to you are…”).
00:14:51 — Using Reason (Aql) in Jurisprudence — Imam Shafi’i’s Risala on Qiyas.
00:16:03 — Linguistic & Rational Quranic Rulings — Usul al-Tafsir principles.
00:17:16 — Qiyas in Fasting Exemptions — Derived from Quran 2:184 (“For those who can fast with difficulty…”).
00:18:36 — Ijtihad to Understand Allah’s Intent — Quran 59:7 (“Take what the Messenger gives you…”).
00:19:55 — Divorce Laws in Surah Talaq — Quran 65:1-7 (detailed rulings).
00:21:09 — Applying Quran to New Issues — Example of modern financial transactions.
00:22:38 — Flexibility in Islamic Law — Quran 5:6 (“Allah does not burden a soul beyond capacity”).
00:23:57 — Training in Ijtihad — Hadith: “The scholar’s ink is holier than a martyr’s blood.” (Weak, but often cited).
00:25:13 — Shariah (Divine Law) vs. Fiqh (Human Interpretation) — Classical distinction in Usul al-Fiqh.
00:26:35 — Qiyas as a Form of Ijtihad — Imam Abu Hanifa’s reliance on analogy.
00:27:51 — Prophetic Ijtihad (Fiqh al-Nabi) — Hadith on Prophet’s (ﷺ) personal rulings (Sunan Abu Dawud 3592).
00:29:18 — Scholarly Ijtihad by Fuqaha — Reference to Al-Muwafaqat by Imam Shatibi.
00:30:44 — Principles of Ijtihad (Usul al-Fiqh) — Al-Mustasfa by Imam Ghazali. -
Episode 3- Part 203
(Time stamps created with Notegpt and Deepseek)
00:00:05 — Introduction
00:00:32 — Definition of Usul-e-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence) — Classical Usul al-Fiqh literature.
00:01:03 — Methodology of Ijtihad — Reference to the book Makamat by the speaker.
00:02:03 — Quran & Sunnah as Primary Sources — Quran 4:59 (“Obey Allah and His Messenger”).
00:02:48 — Distinction Between Fahm (Understanding) & Ijtihad — Scholarly discourse in Usul al-Fiqh.
00:03:41 — Principles of Quranic Interpretation — Reference to Meezan (book) on Usul-e-Mabadi.
00:04:28 — Categorizing Hadith & Sunnah — Mustalah al-Hadith (Hadith Terminology).
00:05:13 — Understanding Hadith — Mabadi Tadabbur-e-Hadith (Methodology of Hadith Analysis).
00:06:00 — Hermeneutics in Islamic Law — Tafsir bi’l-Ra’y (Rational Interpretation).
00:07:17 — Shariah vs. Fiqh — Difference between divine law & human deduction.
00:08:32 — Rational Implications (Aqli Mujmalat) in Quran — Example of Qiyas (Analogical Reasoning).
00:09:14 — Summary of Usul-e-Mabadi — Reference to Makamat (book).
00:10:41 — Ijtihad for Unclear Rulings — Quran 2:185 (“Allah intends ease for you”).
00:11:27 — Determining Qibla via Ijtihad — Historical example of Sahabah’s reasoning.
00:12:07 — Shura (Consultation) in Governance — Quran 42:38 (“Their affairs are by consultation”).
00:13:32 — Halal & Haram in Islamic Law — Quran 5:3 (“Prohibited to you are…”).
00:14:51 — Use of Reason (Aql) in Jurisprudence — Imam Shafi’i’s Risala on Qiyas.
00:16:03 — Linguistic & Rational Quranic Rulings — Usul al-Tafsir (Principles of Exegesis).
00:17:16 — Qiyas in Fasting Exemptions — Derived from Quran 2:184 (“For those who can fast with difficulty…”).
00:18:36 — Ijtihad to Understand Allah’s Intent — Quran 59:7 (“Take what the Messenger gives you…”).
00:19:55 — Divorce Laws in Surah Talaq — Quran 65:1-7 (Detailed rulings on divorce).
00:21:09 — Applying Quran to New Issues — Example of modern financial transactions.
00:22:38 — Flexibility in Islamic Law — Quran 5:6 (“Allah does not burden a soul beyond capacity”).
00:23:57 — Training in Ijtihad — Hadith: “The scholar’s ink is holier than a martyr’s blood.” (Weak, but often cited).
00:25:13 — Shariah (Divine Law) vs. Fiqh (Human Interpretation) — Classical distinction in Usul al-Fiqh.
00:26:35 — Qiyas as a Form of Ijtihad — Imam Abu Hanifa’s reliance on analogy.
00:27:51 — Prophetic Ijtihad (Fiqh al-Nabi) — Hadith on Prophet’s (ﷺ) personal rulings (Sunan Abu Dawud 3592).
00:29:18 — Scholarly Ijtihad by Fuqaha — Reference to Al-Muwafaqat by Imam Shatibi.
00:30:44 — Principles of Ijtihad (Usul al-Fiqh) — Al-Mustasfa by Imam Ghazali.
00:32:02 — Taharah (Purification) in Worship — Quran 2:222 (“Allah loves those who purify themselves”).
00:33:15 — Objective (Maqasid) of Shariah — Reference to Maqasid al-Shariah literature.
00:34:24 — Tazkiyah (Purification of the Soul) — Quran 91:9-10 (“Successful is he who purifies it”).
00:35:48 — Role of Prophets in Tazkiyah — Quran 62:2 (“He purifies them and teaches them the Book”). -
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