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Is Belief In Prophetic Revelation Rationally Justified?
Islam claims that the Qur’an is the literal word of God revealed to Muhammad, who said he received divine communication. But how can such a claim be objectively verified? Shouldn’t there be some kind of external, empirical evidence to support the idea that an actual divine being communicated with him?
Is it possible that Muhammad genuinely believed he was receiving revelation, but was mistaken — perhaps experiencing a form of self-deception or a psychological phenomenon? Or could the entire experience have been a conscious or unconscious fabrication rather than a real supernatural encounter?
Religious experiences in general are private, unverifiable, and deeply personal, so how can anyone be certain that such a communication actually took place — whether with Muhammad or any other religious figure — if we cannot externally test or observe it?
Moreover, we only have access to this event through a text that appeared over 1400 years ago. We cannot approach it the same way we approach modern scientific knowledge, which is observable, testable, and repeatable. Given this historical distance, how can we be expected to believe in the same way, with the same degree of confidence?
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