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Basis For Interpretation Of Hadith-e-Jibreel: End Of Slavery As An Institution
ASSALAMUALAIKUM
صحیح مسلم
کتاب: ایمان کا بیان
باب: ایمان اور اسلام اور احسان اور اللہ سبحانہ وتعالی کی تقدیر کے اثبات کے بیان میں
حدیث نمبر: 93
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا وَکِيعٌ عَنْ کَهْمَسٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَی بْنِ يَعْمَرَ ح و حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ وَهَذَا حَدِيثُهُ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا کَهْمَسٌ عَنْ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَی بْنِ يَعْمَرَ قَالَ کَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَالَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلَائِ فِي الْقَدَرِ فَوُفِّقَ لَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ دَاخِلًا الْمَسْجِدَ فَاکْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي أَحَدُنَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَالْآخَرُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَکِلُ الْکَلَامَ إِلَيَّ فَقُلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَئُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ وَذَکَرَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لَا قَدَرَ وَأَنَّ الْأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ قَالَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِکَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيئٌ مِنْهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ بُرَآئُ مِنِّي وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فَأَنْفَقَهُ مَا قَبِلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّی يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ لَا يُرَی عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلَا يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ حَتَّی جَلَسَ إِلَی النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَسْنَدَ رُکْبَتَيْهِ إِلَی رُکْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ کَفَّيْهِ عَلَی فَخِذَيْهِ وَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّکَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنْ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ الْإِيمَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِکَتِهِ وَکُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ الْإِحْسَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ کَأَنَّکَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَکُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاکَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنْ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَتِهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الْأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَی الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَائَ الشَّائِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَلَبِثْتُ مَلِيًّا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنْ السَّائِلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاکُمْ يُعَلِّمُکُمْ دِينَکُمْ
Translation:
It is narrated on the authority of Yahya bin Yamur that the first man who discussed about Qadr (Divine Decree) in Basrah was Mabad al-Juhani. I along with Humaid bin Abdur-Rahman Himyari set out for prilgrimage or for Umrah and said: Should it so happen that we come into contact with one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ (peace be upon him) we shall ask him a bout what is talked about Taqdir (Division Decree). Accidentally we came across Abdullah Ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab, while he was entering the mosque. My companion and I surrounded him. One of us (stood) on his right and the other stood on his left. I expected that my companion would authorize me to speak. I therefore said: Abu Abdur Rahman! There have appeared some people in our land who recite the Holy Quran and pursue knowledge. And then after talking about their affairs, added: They (such people) claim that there is no such thing as Divine Decree and events are not predestined. He (Abdullah Ibn Umar) said: When you happen to meet such people tell them that I have nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with me. And verily they are in no way responsible for my (belief). Abdullah Ibn Umar swore by Him (the Lord) (and said): If any one of them (who does not believe in the Divine Decree) had with him gold equal to the bulk of (the mountain) Uhud and then, it (in the way of Allah), Allah would not accept it unless he affirmed his faith in Divine Decree. He further said: My father, Umar ibn al-Khattab, told me: One day we were sitting in the company of Allahs Apostle ﷺ (peace be upon him) when there appeared before us a man dressed in pure white clothes, his hair extraordinarily black. There were no signs of travel on him. None amongst us recognized him. At last he sat with the Apostle ﷺ (peace be upon him) He knelt before him placed his palms on his thighs and said: Muhammad, inform me about al-Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ (peace be upon him) said: Al-Islam implies that you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, and you establish prayer, pay Zakat, observe the fast of Ramadan, and perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you are solvent enough (to bear the expense of) the journey. He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He (Umar ibn al-Khattab) said: It amazed us that he would put the question and then he would himself verify the truth. He (the inquirer) said: Inform me about Iman (faith). He (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you affirm your faith in Allah, in His angels, in His Books, in His Apostles, in the Day of Judgment, and you affirm your faith in the Divine Decree about good and evil. He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He (the inquirer) again said: Inform me about al-Ihsan (performance of good deeds). He (the Holy Prophet) said: That you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, for though you dont see Him, He, verily, sees you. He (the enquirer) again said: Inform me about the hour (of the Doom). He (the Holy Prophet) remarked: One who is asked knows no more than the one who is inquiring (about it). He (the inquirer) said: Tell me some of its indications. He (the Holy Prophet) said: That the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and master, that you will find barefooted, destitute goat-herds vying with one another in the construction of magnificent buildings. He (the narrator, Umar ibn al-Khattab) said: Then he (the inquirer) went on his way but I stayed with him (the Holy Prophet) for a long while. He then, said to me: Umar, do you know who this inquirer was? I replied: Allah and His Apostle ﷺ knows best. He (the Holy Prophet) remarked: He was Gabriel (علیہ السلام) (the angel). He came to you in order to instruct you in matters of religion.
In this Hadith, for the statement “That the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and master”, on what basis (qarina in the Hadith) this interpretation is done that “slavery as an institution” will end?
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7 Replies
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Basis For Interpretation Of Hadith-e-Jibreel: End Of Slavery As An Institution
updated 2 years, 8 months ago
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Excerpt from Hadith Project:
(i)
یہ دوسری علامت تو بالکل واضح ہے۔ پچھلی صدی میں اِس کا ظہور سرزمین عرب میں ہر شخص بہ چشم سر دیکھ سکتا ہے۔ پہلی علامت کا مصداق متعین کرنے میں، البتہ لوگوں کو دقت ہوئی ہے۔ ہمارے نزدیک اُس کا مفہوم بھی واضح ہے۔ اُس سے مراد ایک ادارے کی حیثیت سے عالمی سطح پر غلامی کا خاتمہ ہے۔ اِس مدعا کو ادا کرنے کے لیے یہ کس قدر خوب صورت تعبیر ہے، اِس کا اندازہ ہر صاحب ذوق کر سکتا ہے۔ اہل علم جانتے ہیں کہ یہ واقعہ بھی ٹھیک اُسی زمانے میں ہوا ہے، جب سرزمین عرب کے چرواہے اپنی دنیا تبدیل کر رہے تھے۔ اِس لحاظ سے یہ پیشین گوئی قرب قیامت کا زمانہ بالکل متعین کر دیتی ہے۔
(ii)
یہ نہایت بلیغ تعبیر ہے جس کا مدعا، ہمارے نزدیک یہ ہے کہ غلامی ایک ادارے کی حیثیت سے عالمی سطح پر ختم ہو جائے گی۔ یہ واقعہ اُس وقت ہوا، جب اقوام متحدہ نے ۱۹۴۸ء میں انسانی حقوق کے منشور کا اعلان کر دیا۔
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Please also refer to the following comments of Ghamidi Sahab from 56:18 to 57:47
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Yes, but there should be some qarina present here. Like this type fo interpretation might not be done before (like the time before slavery came to an end)? So evidences for his interpretation from language and text ignoring (and without any influence) from an external event that has happened?
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It is a prophecy in the form of an analogy and such prophecies are subject to interpretation in the light of known events that have happened or are happening around the world. Language and text in matters of interpreting such prophecies can only provide limited input in understanding meaning of the words and sentence. As far as interpretation and manifestation of such prophecy is concerned, it is subject to many other factors as well.
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So then, this interpretation that Ghamidi sahab has done is based on the event that happened a century ago. And he related the analogy with that event? (And before that slavery ending event happened, it was hard to interpret in that way as Ghamidi sahab did now)?
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If what i asked above is right, then what’s the difference in this between Ghamidi sahab and those who connected every verse of Quran with science (even if Quran is not trying to say that)?
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This was a prophecy which was to be fulfilled sometime in the future near Qiyamah as a big sign of Qiyamah.
I do not understand what does this have to do with connecting verses of Quran with science.
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The science thing i was saying that some people today they connect every verse with science, even in minor similarities.
The main thing i was trying to say that how can one interpret that Hadith on that way ignoring the slavery ending event that happened just 100 years ago?
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