The Shariah does not give details about all the spheres of human activity. Its main concern remains purification of human self. In matters other than worship, the Shariah only gives guidance in those spheres where the human mind was prone to making such errors of judgment which were likely to have a negative impact on the cleansing of the human mind, body or soul, whether at the individual or the collective level. The guidance of the Shariah relating to the political life of the Muslim community is no exception.

The Holy Quran clearly guides that collective affairs of Muslims should be based on consultation. Al-Shooraa 42:38 reads:

“And their affairs are based on their consultation”.

The verse provides us with necessary guidance in all the collective affairs of Muslims. It requires us to decide all these affairs with mutual consultation. This principle covers all political systems from choosing a head of the state to running a municipality. Therefore, there is no religious injunction which prohibits any such choosing, rather such matters have been left to the mutual consultation of Muslims. Therefore, considering the current status of countries as a Nation State, there’s no room for any discrimination against the Non-Muslims living in a Muslim majority country.

Please also refer to the following thread for further details:

Discussion 59376

For Islam’s Political Sharia, please see:

Discussion 32022