Suicide is barely and vaguely mentioned in Quran. Putting this point aside, wouldn’t there be an exception in extreme cases? It seems like Allah has provided exceptions to everything in extreme cases. Similarly, wouldn’t there be exception to suicide if someone is going through extreme physical or mental pain for a long time with seemingly no hope of resolving it. And who is to judge what is considered to be an extreme pain and suffering?
Yes, there will be exceptions and we should leave it to Allah to judge in the end.
But the general advice will remain the same, a Muslim should still caution himself from taking this risky option. Because there is no guarantee the court of God will rule in his favor. But as for those that made their choice, we can only pray to Allah to have mercy on them and hopefully make exceptions.
Allah promises in Quran that he doesn’t put anyone through more than a person can handle. That means the person who committed suicide did it without going through unbearable pain and sufferings. In this case the person committed a sin against Allah and perhaps against his family and loved ones. How severe of a sin this is the question. Is it a major sin that has a rare chance of forgiveness or a huge offset against virtues or is it a minor sin?
Ghamidi Sahab states that Allah promise is about religion i.e He doesn’t put a command in religion that is more than one can bear (e.g if one can’t do Hajj, it is not obligatory). In life we have countless example of people going through pain and they can’t bear it, so they just die. So when one is in extreme unbearable pain, Allah Himself takes their life and Ghamidi Sahab urges that things should be left in Allah’s hand, and one should not rush their own death lest they anger God.
However you are correct in that it is more of a sin against Allah. As it’s a problem for a Muslim who has taken oath from God that all life is sacred including their own so it makes it a major sin. But everyone will be judged case by case. I can’t speak for Allah and tell you what is His exact decision will be as I fear Him but my understanding is that the unforgivable example can be a person who commits suicide to escape punishment (e.g Hitler did this) and the most forgivable example is a person being tortured and they in the heat of moment, takes their life (e.g in Pakistan a person tried to jump off a building because some officers were torturing him, he survived the fall but I can’t blame him).
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