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Is Ithm Limited To Violating Others’ Rights In The Quran?
Ghamidi Sahab defines ithm (as in 7:33) as acts that usurp the rights of others — e.g., oppression or cheating. But in several verses, ithm seems broader:
- 2:219 – Wine and gambling are called ithm, even if done privately
- 2:283 – Concealing testimony is ithm
- 4:112 – Lying is ithm, even if no one is directly harmed
These seem to include spiritual or moral wrongs, not just social violations. Could ithm be better understood as “morally serious sin” — some of which harm others, and others which corrode one’s own soul or integrity?
I’d appreciate clarification on why ithm is interpreted narrowly, and whether these verses suggest a broader meaning.
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