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Punshment For Fasaad Fil Ard (Quran 5:33-34)
إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لَهُمْ خِزْيٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
The verse here speicifcally says and. So shouldn’t the people only be punished if they wage war against Allah AND do fasaad fil ard.
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Punshment For Fasaad Fil Ard (Quran 5:33-34)
updated 3 years, 7 months ago
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In the same verse, ‘And‘ is used in-between Allah and His Prophet as well, so by this logic it should also mean that Allah and His Prophet are two independent conditions and they exist separately as well. Well in reality, everyone can comfortably say that this is not the case. Same is the case with Fasaad but in an opposite way, just like Allah And Prophet are one (from directive’s perspective) despite being an And present between two, similarly, committing of Fasad is an illat (condition) independent of the first one. One has to carefully look at each ‘And’ and underlying illat of each in order to decide which one is time-specific or exists together with another or exists separately:
إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ أَوْ يُنفَوْا مِنْ الْأَرْضِ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ خِزْيٌ فِي الدُّنيَا وَلَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (5 :33-34)
The punishments of those who wage war against Allah and His Prophet and strive to spread anarchy in the land are to execute them in an exemplary way or to crucify them or to amputate their hands and feet from opposite sides or to banish them from the land. Such is their disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter, theirs will be an awful doom except those who repent before you overpower them, then you should know that Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Ever-Merciful. (5:33-34)
Another example can be seen in directive of Jihad where one directive is time-specific (in this land Allah’s religion reigns supreme) and another is general and perpetual in nature because of underlying illat in it (persecution does not remain):
وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنْ الْقَتْلِ وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ كَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ فَإِنْ انتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ فَإِنْ انتَهَوْا فَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ فَمَنْ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ (2: 190-194)
And fight in the way of Allah with those who fight against you and do not transgress bounds [in this fighting]. Indeed, God does not like the transgressors. And kill them wherever you find them and drive them out [of the place] from which they drove you out and [remember] persecution is worse than carnage. But do not initiate war with them near the Holy Kabah unless they attack you there. But if they attack you, put them to the sword [without any hesitation]. Such disbelievers deserve this very punishment. However, if they desist [from this disbelief], Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. And keep fighting against them, until persecution does not remain and [in this land] Allah’s religion reigns supreme. But if they mend their ways, then [you should know that] an offensive is only allowed against the evil-doers. A sacred month for a sacred month; [similarly] other sacred things too are subject to retaliation. So if any one transgresses against you, you should also pay him back in the same coin. And have fear of Allah and keep in mind that Allah is with those who remain within the bounds set by Him. (2:190-4)
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God and the prophet are synonymous as explained in other places.
The wording in the second one is keel fighting… so it makes sense to be longer
When it says and for a crime shouldn’t it be made sure both conditions are met?
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Keep on fighting*
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Ideas?
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The point being that every ‘And‘ needs to be looked into carefully.
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So is the and here referring to two different crimes? War against God and his messenger AND fasaad fil ard? Either are a cause for capital punishment?
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I personally see Spreading Anarchy as the main ‘illat’ of this directive. Because waging of war against God and His Messenger is in itself sufficient to hand someone their death sentence.
Hopefully we will get an insight from Ustaz as well.
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Great!
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In recent Q&A Session with Ghamidi Sahab on Questions selected from ASK GHAMIDI Platform:
For answer to your question, please refer to the video below from 1:21:35 to 1:22:13
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A question raises that how can we punish those who wage war against Allah and his Rasul صلى الله عليه وسلم ? How will the judgement be made considering we can’t say who is a real disbeliever since itmamul hujjah hasn’t occured
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Listen to the response again, these are two different crimes mentioned here, one is waging of war against Allah and Rasool صلى الله عليه وسلم and other one is spreading anarchy in the land. The former can’t be applied anymore, while latter still applies.
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